The traditional system, monitoring processes across
multiple locations, involved the collection of data to a single location. This
is what SCADA does, basically the “DA(data acquisition)”
portion of SCADA. Some control was usually present but not a significant
amount. The modern “DCS“, or distributed control system, could be described by taking
each word of the acronym out and explaining it.
multiple locations, involved the collection of data to a single location. This
is what SCADA does, basically the “DA(data acquisition)”
portion of SCADA. Some control was usually present but not a significant
amount. The modern “DCS“, or distributed control system, could be described by taking
each word of the acronym out and explaining it.
First, ‘Distributed‘ implies that the
functions are all distributed at various locations. These functions refer to
the data collection, processing, controlling outputs, alarming, collecting
historical data, etc. In a typical DCS system, you will find physical boxes
that handle each of the above functions (well, almost). There is additionally
an implication about geographical distribution, or that the functions can be
distributed in different physical locations. This is a benefit in that prevents
failure in one part of the system from affecting another part.
functions are all distributed at various locations. These functions refer to
the data collection, processing, controlling outputs, alarming, collecting
historical data, etc. In a typical DCS system, you will find physical boxes
that handle each of the above functions (well, almost). There is additionally
an implication about geographical distribution, or that the functions can be
distributed in different physical locations. This is a benefit in that prevents
failure in one part of the system from affecting another part.
The word ‘Control‘ implies the ability of the
system to close the loop between an input measurement and a manipulated handle
in the process. This means that the DCS shall have the capability for basic and
advanced control algorithms.
system to close the loop between an input measurement and a manipulated handle
in the process. This means that the DCS shall have the capability for basic and
advanced control algorithms.
The word ‘System‘ implies that all of the above
is connected as one contiguous system i.e. in simple words, one comprehensive
system with systems and physical parts spread over potentially a wide area
carrying out monitoring and control functions.
is connected as one contiguous system i.e. in simple words, one comprehensive
system with systems and physical parts spread over potentially a wide area
carrying out monitoring and control functions.
A control system may have one or more PLCs (programmable Logic Controllers).
The PLC is a term applied in different ways. In large process facilities, there
is a requirement that there be two systems-one for control while another for
safeguarding. The plant-wide safeguarding portion is typically done by a
safety-certified PLC. However, smaller PLCs could be used in smaller single
loop control and safeguarding applications as well.
The PLC is a term applied in different ways. In large process facilities, there
is a requirement that there be two systems-one for control while another for
safeguarding. The plant-wide safeguarding portion is typically done by a
safety-certified PLC. However, smaller PLCs could be used in smaller single
loop control and safeguarding applications as well.
PLC Simplified with limited logic control for like a machine or Simple process
with limited interlock logic – progamme can be modified easily.This will give
only indication of failure.No recording the event or process parameter ,with
limited memory.Cost wise it is very cheap.
with limited interlock logic – progamme can be modified easily.This will give
only indication of failure.No recording the event or process parameter ,with
limited memory.Cost wise it is very cheap.
DCS concern Huge multiple logic controlls with
greater than 1000 of inter lock for process of power plant or refineries or any
process Industries it will give all types of alarm in soft copy & hard copy
about process , failure & record all the process input & out put
parameters & efficiency if required .(Boiler,Turbine, Generator controlls Switch
gear cotrolls ie power generation to Transmission.) Very Large memory back up,
failuer rate very less,process parameter all are fixed cannot be changed by
Individual. Troubleshooting very easy . Production will not be affected at
all.
greater than 1000 of inter lock for process of power plant or refineries or any
process Industries it will give all types of alarm in soft copy & hard copy
about process , failure & record all the process input & out put
parameters & efficiency if required .(Boiler,Turbine, Generator controlls Switch
gear cotrolls ie power generation to Transmission.) Very Large memory back up,
failuer rate very less,process parameter all are fixed cannot be changed by
Individual. Troubleshooting very easy . Production will not be affected at
all.
Fully
integrated DCS System:
integrated DCS System:
The ADVANTAGES were greatly reduced
wiring costs, much more limited failure and less cost to add more points.
The DISADVANTAGES were that wiring costs were that wiring
costs were still significant and there was lack of interoperability among
controllers of various manufacturers due to the proprietary protocols. Hence
the user was locked into a single vendor.
wiring costs, much more limited failure and less cost to add more points.
The DISADVANTAGES were that wiring costs were that wiring
costs were still significant and there was lack of interoperability among
controllers of various manufacturers due to the proprietary protocols. Hence
the user was locked into a single vendor.
Popular
DCS Systems Available:
DCS Systems Available:
- Yokogawa – Centum Excel , CS 3000, CS 5000
- Fisher – Rosemant – Delta V
- Honeywell – TDC 3000, GUS
- ABB – Freelance 2000
- Moore – APACS
- Fox boro – I/A
series
